The appropriateness of unbound granular materials for utilisation in road pavement applications is typically assessed relative to standard specifications that ensure reliable performance is achieved across a wide range of operating environments. However, aggregate conforming to standard specifications is not readily available in some remote areas of Australia where non-conforming materials are routinely used for the construction and maintenance of unbound granular pavements. Non-conforming materials are also known as non-standard or marginal materials; non-standard is the preferred term as these materials have provided satisfactory performance when a fit-for-purpose approach was utilised for material selection, extraction, design, construction and maintenance.
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