The paper presents initial findings from a recent TMR-ARRB project which aims to produce a methodology for estimating congestion costs associated with a range of road users and confirm this methodology through pilot case studies. The paper starts from a literature review, then proposes a methodology for estimating multi-modal congestion cost by considering excessive congestion delay and travel time reliability cost. It also provides main findings from two pilot case studies using data from automatic bus ticketing system (Go Card system) and STREAMS data.
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